Haiti - Port au Prince

problems in the camps and their dependencies

selforganisation of the camps

Due to lack of organization of the state, the tent cities have developed itself into a political system. In the refugee camps, there are so-called tent-mayor and a cabinet which stands to the side (culture, sports, health, women and social affairs). Not all mayors were elected, accepted and are able, but they play an important rule for stability in the camps and for the communication between the various tent cities. In collaboration with the organizations they form a kind of "mini-governments".
 

slums near Pétionville

economy: history and activity


invertion of urban space

populated area (before the earthquake)



space occupied by the tent cities



Mapping the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster

Following the Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami was the destruction and subsequent meltdown of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The plant, located on the eastern coast of Honshu in the Fukushima prefecture, was devastated by the size and power of the tsunami. The power plant reactors were designed to handle 6 meter high tsunami levels while the Tohoku Tsunami was recorded at levels of up to 10 meters. Between March 15 and 21 the level of radiation emitted from the Fukushima Nuclear Plant was recorded and tracked. The map below charts the movement of radiation due to wind patterns. 

These wind patterns caused nuclear particles to settle in the regions around Fukushima. The radiation levels noted below are the accumulated levels over the course of the week following the explosions at the Fukushima Nuclear Plant.

 This map shows the correlation between wind patterns and radiation levels during this period.

Mapping the Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami

Japan is situated at the convergence point of four tectonic plates. Its location makes it a prime point for geological phenomenon such as earthquakes, volcanic activity. The four main islands of Japan are mostly mountainous terrain with the major cities located in the lower lying wetlands and coastal regions. 

During a five day period between March 11 and 15, and after the 9.0 magnitude Tohoku Earthquake, a number of aftershocks were recorded by the US Geological Survey, Natural Hazards Support System. The Largest of the aftershocks was a magnitude 7.4 while most other ranged between 4.0 and 7.0.

The intensity of the Tohoku Earthquake as felt on land ranged from greater than 5.5 magnitude to greater than 7.0 magnitude along the eastern coast of Japan.

An earthquake of this proportion has many effects one being the shift of land mass. As recorded by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Honshu, Japan's largest island, had land shifts ranging from 5.3m nearest the epicenter to 7.0cm in the southwest regions.

Another effect of the Tohoku Earthquake was the tsunami that followed. The Tohoku Tsunami reportedly made land fall in as little as 9 min after the occurrence of the earthquake. The map below shows the tsunami's movement over 15 hrs as it flows outward across the Pacific Ocean. The land along the east coast of japan, with in the inner most ring, was hit by the tsunami with in 30 min of the quake.

Haiti - Port au Prince

Illustration of the structures of the refugee camps



analysis of the camp structures and the self-organization;
spontaneous sales stands and concentration of people



Devastation caused by the tsunami/Changes in refugee centre numbers

The destruction caused by the tsunami on various places along the cost of Japan.

Changes in the refugee centre population in each Prefecture overtime with a comparison to the overall population staying in refugee centres.

Dadaab Refugee Camps

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Haiti - Port au Prince

 

impact area of the earthquake



informal settlements on the outskirts of town

 

structures of the refugee camps 

 

structures of the refugee camps



structures of the refugee camps



structures of the refugee camps

Fukushima- Rebuilding communities

Post nuclear disaster the importance placed in maintaining community is evident in the way that there was a conscious physical attempt made to keep groups of people together.  This occurred in the building of temporary accommodation, the map below describes the transplanting of a community to a new place.

The development of communities overtime:

A sports ground becomes a new village over a series of months due to the lack of flat land on which to build temporary housing.

Where did those affected by the disaster go?

It is difficult to determine exactly how many people evacuated from Fukushima Prefecture as those who took shelter with friends or relatives were unlikely to change their primary residential address.  However, it is possible to get a general overall picture of the situation as of August 2011 based on the population of Fukushima recorded in the National Census on October 1, 2011.

Evacuation within the Fukushima Prefecture:

Evacuees outside Fukushima Prefecture and their accommodation types:

 The map breaks the evacuation into four types; temporary housing ie. evacuation centres, hotels/inns, friends/family and those in temporary housing, private housing and hospitals.

The maps above give an overall picture as to the movement of those forced to evacuate from their homes but 'zooming in' to individual cases allows for a better understanding of the complexities involved.